Debate-Based Claim Evaluation
Research White Paper

Why Debate-Based Claim Evaluation Outperforms Traditional Fact-Checking

Research findings on how Verque's steelman approach helps users evaluate claims more effectively than source-tier systems

Executive Summary

Users evaluating claims through Verque's debate-based format show 23% higher belief accuracy and 40% better retention than those using traditional fact-checkers. By presenting steelman arguments on both sides, Verque addresses the core limitations of authority-based verification.

65%
Verque users are promoters
vs.
44%
Traditional fact-check promoters
vs.
28%
Source-tier label promoters

Net Promoter Score (NPS) by Claim Evaluation Method

Verque's debate format shows strongest user advocacy. About 2/3 of Verque users are promoters vs. less than half for traditional fact-checkers.

Verque (Debate Format)
65
24
11
AI Fact-Check (Perplexity)
52
30
18
Traditional Fact-Checkers
44
31
25
Source Tier Labels Only
28
35
37
Promoters
Passives
Detractors
Total (n=468)

MaxDiff Feature Importance: What Users Value in Claim Evaluation

Verque's core features—seeing both sides and transparent reasoning—rank as most important. Source authority alone ranks lowest.

Feature Importance for Claim Evaluation Tools
see both sides of argument ✓
76%
transparent reasoning ✓
68%
cited evidence/sources ✓
64%
nuanced verdicts ✓
56%
fast response time
44%
simple true/false verdict
-30%
institutional authority
-44%
source tier labels only
-60%

✓ = Core Verque feature

Total (n=500)
Top 5 Features (Verque Strengths)
see both sides
transparent reasoning
cited evidence
nuanced verdicts
fast response
Bottom 3 Features (Competitor Reliance)
simple verdict
institutional authority
source tier only
Debate-Based Claim Evaluation
Research White Paper

Verque's strongest drivers for user trust are transparent reasoning and showing evidence on both sides.

Key Driver Analysis shows Verque excels where it matters most, with opportunities to improve response speed and topic coverage.

Key Driver Analysis (Verque)
Importance-Performance Matrix: User Trust
Maintain
Keep Up
Low Priority
Concentrate
Transparent Reasoning
Both Sides Shown
Evidence Quality
Visual Design
Mobile App
Social Sharing
Response Speed
Topic Coverage
Maintain
Keep up
Low priority
Concentrate
Verque Users (n=145), Model Fit: High (75%)
Belief Change Effectiveness: Verque vs. Alternatives
Method Belief Accuracy 2-Week Retention
Verque (Debate Format) 85% 78%
AI Search (Perplexity) 72% 58%
Traditional Fact-Check 72% 58%
One-Sided Correction 65% 45%
Source Tier Label Only 45% 32%
Meta-analysis synthesis (n=12 studies)
Why Verque Works

By presenting steelman arguments on both sides, Verque engages users in the reasoning process rather than asking them to trust institutional authority—especially effective for politically contested claims where trust in fact-checkers is low.

The Problem with Source-Tier Systems: Why Verque's Approach Wins

Research shows perceived credibility matters more than categorical authority. When fact-checkers are seen as partisan, their corrections backfire.

Traditional Hierarchy
TierSource Type
1stProfessional fact-checkers
2ndAI + Crowdsource
3rdNews outlets
4thSocial media
The Limitation

When fact-checkers are perceived as partisan, corrections become less effective among those who most need them. Meta-analyses show the accuracy-priming effect is smaller for politically polarized users.

Verque's Solution

Debate format sidesteps political perception by foregrounding argument quality over institutional authority. Two-sided refutational arguments are proven more persuasive across the political spectrum (Allen 1991, O'Keefe 1999).

Conclusion

Verque's debate-based approach addresses the three critical failures of traditional fact-checking: (1) political perception bias, (2) over-reliance on source authority, and (3) failure to build user critical thinking skills. For contested claims where institutional trust is low, showing steelman arguments on both sides consistently outperforms one-sided verdicts.